Kaist

Zero-Crease Foldable Technology to Shift the Parad..

  < Professor Phil-Seung Lee (center), Master’s graduate Jun-han Bae (top left) >   The "crease," long considered the biggest weakness of foldable smartphones, has been pointed out as a major obstacle to market expansion, causing screen distortion and reduced durability over repeated use. A research team at KAIST has presented a solution to this problem, marking a turning point for foldables to leap forward as the standard for next-generation smartphones. Furthermore, the technology is expected to establish itself as a core component of the future mobile industry, expanding into various devices such as laptops. KAIST announced on April 20th that a research team led by Professor Phil-Seung Lee of the Department of Mechanical Engineering has developed an original technology capable of fundamentally solving the crease issue that occurs at the folding area of foldable smartphone displays and has registered a patent for it. The team has secured global technological competitiveness by filing patent applications in the United States, China, and the European Union (EU), in addition to South Korea. While global smartphone companies have attempted to solve this issue through massive R&D investments for years, they have yet to achieve the complete removal of the crease. Consequently, the industry has identified the crease problem as the single greatest barrier to the widespread adoption of the foldable smartphone market. The research team began their study to resolve the inconveniences they personally experienced while using mobile foldable phones. After disassembling dozens of used foldable phones and repeating various experiments, they derived a solution by innovatively redesigning the "adhesive area" between the display and the supporting plate. The core of the design is ensuring that deformation is not concentrated in a specific folding area but is instead distributed to the surrounding sections. Through this, they perfectly demonstrated the feasibility of a "crease-free foldable" while maintaining normal smartphone functionality. To verify performance, the team shone a straight-line LED light onto the screen. Unlike commercial products where the light refracts and the straight line appears curved at the fold, the prototype maintained a sharp, straight reflection without any distortion. Notably, no visual distortion appeared even under conditions sensitive enough to detect minute curves with a crease depth of less than 0.1mm. < Display surface reflecting a straight-line LED lamp > This technology presents a new design paradigm that surpasses the limitations faced by the current industry. It not only fundamentally suppresses the formation of creases but also ensures superior durability by minimizing deformation even after tens of thousands of folding cycles. Furthermore, because the structure is intuitive and simple, it can be easily integrated into existing manufacturing processes. It is expected to have high industrial utility, as it can be expanded beyond smartphones to various foldable display devices, including tablets and laptops. < Core idea of the invention: (a) Adhesive and non-adhesive areas of a conventional foldable smartphone, (b) Adhesive and non-adhesive areas in this invention, (c) Stress distribution in a conventional foldable smartphone display, (d) Stress distribution in a foldable smartphone display applying this technology > Industry experts anticipate that the commercialization of this technology will encourage global companies—which have been hesitant to enter the market due to crease issues—to participate. This is projected to significantly improve consumer satisfaction and accelerate the growth of the stagnating foldable market. Professor Phil-Seung Lee stated, "We have solved a challenge that global giants could not resolve, using a relatively simple and clear method. We expect this technology to spread across next-generation displays, including laptops and tablets, further strengthening Korea's technological competitiveness." Meanwhile, this research was conducted with support from the "2022 Daedeok Innopolis Campus Project," and the patent for the related original technology was registered on September 9, 2025.    

Professor Yiyun Kang Selected as TED 2026 Main Sta..

  < Professor Yiyun Kang (Photo Credit: Ryan Lash / TED) >     KAIST announced on April 17th that Professor Yiyun Kang of the Department of Industrial Design has been selected as a speaker for the Main Stage at TED 2026, the world-renowned knowledge conference. Founded in 1984 under the motto "Ideas Worth Spreading," TED is an American non-profit knowledge platform where scholars, innovators, and artists from around the globe gather annually to lead global discourse. Previous Korean speakers on the Main Stage include novelist Young-ha Kim (2012) and violinist Ji-hae Park (2013). In 2011, roboticist Professor Dennis Hong stood on the main conference stage as the first Korean-American speaker.   < TED Lecture Photo (Photo Credit: Ryan Lash / TED) > Professor Kang’s selection is particularly significant as it marks the first time since TED moved its venue to Vancouver, Canada, in 2014 that a Korean national—an artist and scholar actively based in South Korea, rather than an overseas resident or defector—has been invited to the Main Stage. Furthermore, it marks the return of a Korean speaker to the main stage after a 12-year hiatus, serving as a symbolic milestone. The TED 2026 annual conference is being held from April 13 to 17 at the Vancouver Convention Centre in Canada, under the theme "ALL OF US." Professor Kang took the Main Stage on April 15, the third day of the conference, to present visual insights and philosophical solutions for a future where Artificial Intelligence (AI), humans, and nature must coexist. The lecture video will be edited and released globally via the official TED website and YouTube channel this coming July. In this talk, Professor Kang defines AI and the climate crisis as "problems we understand intellectually but fail to feel physically," noting that data- and information-centric communication methods often lower our sense of reality. She proposes the potential of art as a means to bridge this gap. Specifically, Professor Kang will demonstrate on stage how to transform complex challenges into visual and sensory experiences through cases from her own projects. Notably, this presentation transcends traditional lecture formats, structured as an "Immersive Talk" that transforms the entire stage into an artistic space. Rather than just listening, the audience participates by experiencing the content with their entire bodies. Professor Yiyun Kang is a world-class media artist and researcher who crosses the boundaries between sensation and technology, and materiality (physical forms) and immateriality (elements like light, video, and data). She leads the Experience Design Lab (XD Lab) at KAIST and has consistently explored the convergence of technology and art through collaborations with NASA, Google Arts & Culture, and the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A). "Humanity is currently at a critical turning point that will determine the coexistence of technology and nature," Professor Kang stated. "Through this TED stage, I aim to ensure that AI and the climate crisis are perceived not just as mere information, but as realities of our lives. I hope to create a practical opportunity to expand fragmented individual perceptions into collective human solidarity through the creative energy of art."   < TED 2026 Professor Yiyun Kang (Source: TED Website) >  

Development of Dream Battery Material： Air-Stable ..

  <(Bottom row, from left) Dr. Jae-Seung Kim (Seoul National University), Prof. Dong-Hwa Seo (KAIST), Researcher Heeju Park (KAIST), Researcher Jiwon Seo, Researcher Jinyeong Choe. (Top row, from left) Researcher Hae-Yong Kim (Dongguk University), Prof. Eunryeol Lee (Chungbuk National University), Prof. Kyung-Wan Nam (Dongguk University), Prof. Yoon Seok Jung (Yonsei University)>   Expectations are rising for all-solid-state batteries—the "dream battery" with low fire risk—not only for electric vehicles but also for various fields such as robotics and Urban Air Mobility (UAM). A research team at our university has presented a new design principle that simultaneously overcomes the limitations of solid electrolytes, which were previously vulnerable to air exposure and suffered from low performance. This technology is gaining significant attention as it can enhance both battery safety and charging speeds, demonstrating the feasibility of commercializing next-generation all-solid-state batteries. KAIST announced on April 16th that a research team led by Professor Dong-Hwa Seo from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, through joint research with teams from Dongguk University (President Jae-Woong Yoon), Yonsei University (President Dong-Sup Yoon), and Chungbuk National University (Acting President Yu-Sik Park), has developed a design technology for solid electrolytes used in all-solid-state batteries. This technology maintains structural stability even when exposed to air while dramatically increasing ionic conductivity. Unlike conventional lithium-ion batteries that use liquid electrolytes, all-solid-state batteries are spotlighted as next-generation batteries due to their low fire risk. Among these, halide-based solid electrolytes—which contain halogen elements such as chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br)—are advantageous in terms of performance due to their high ionic conductivity. However, they are known to be difficult materials to manufacture and handle because they are highly vulnerable to moisture in the air, which easily degrades their performance. To solve this problem, the research team introduced a new structure called "Oxygen Anchoring." This method involves stably bonding oxygen inside the electrolyte to strengthen its structural intergrity, a process in which the element Tungsten plays a key role. < Research image on tungsten-based oxygen fixation strategy > As a result, it was confirmed that the electrolyte maintains a stable structure without collapsing, even in air-exposed environments. Furthermore, the research team improved battery performance in addition to stability. The changes in the internal structure of the electrolyte widened the pathways for lithium ions, allowing them to move more smoothly and increasing the ion migration speed. It was confirmed that the oxygen-incorporated material exhibited an ionic conductivity approximately 2.7 times higher than that of conventional zirconium (Zr)-based halide solid electrolytes. Another feature of this technology is that it is not limited to a specific material. The research team applied the same strategy to various halide solid electrolytes, including those based on zirconium (Zr), indium (In), yttrium (Y), and erbium (Er), and confirmed similar effects. This demonstrates that it is a "universal design principle" applicable to a wide range of battery materials. < Research image (AI-generated image) > The research team expects this technology to contribute to the development of solid electrolytes that possess both air stability and high performance. Professor Dong-Hwa Seo stated, "This study presents a new material design principle that optimizes multiple performances through a structural design strategy that simultaneously improves air stability and ionic conductivity. It will serve as a key indicator for future all-solid-state battery research and process development." This study involved Jae-Seung Kim (formerly KAIST, now SNU), Heeju Park, and Hae-Yong Kim as joint first authors. The research included contributions from Eunryeol Lee, Heewon Kim, Soeul Lee, Jinyeong Choe, Jiwon Seo, Hyeon-Jong Lee, Hojoon Kim, Jemin Yeon, and Yoon Seok Jung. The findings were published on March 6, 2026, in the international academic journal Advanced Energy Materials. Paper Title: Universal Oxychlorination Strategy in Halide Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Batteries DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202506744 This research was conducted with support from the Samsung Electronics Future Technology Promotion Center and the Nano and Materials Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea. Computational studies were performed using the resources of the National Supercomputing Center.            

Breakthrough in Data Processing via Light Control...

  < (From left) Undergraduate researcher Taewon Kim and Professor Sangsik Kim >   A new technology has been developed that allows light to be "designed" into desired forms, potentially making Artificial Intelligence (AI) and communication technologies faster and more accurate. A KAIST research team has developed an "integrated photonic resonator"—a core component of next-generation optical integrated circuits that process data using light. The research is particularly significant as it was led by an undergraduate student. This technology is expected to serve as a key foundation for next-generation security technologies such as high-speed data processing and quantum communication. KAIST announced on the 15th that a research team led by Professor Sangsik Kim from the School of Electrical Engineering, in collaboration with Professor Jae Woong Yoon’s team from the Department of Physics at Hanyang University (President Kigeong Lee), has developed a new integrated photonic resonator structure capable of freely controlling optical signals by utilizing light interference (the phenomenon where two light waves meet and influence each other). Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) process data at ultra-high speeds and with low power consumption using light. They are garnering significant attention as a fundamental platform technology for next-generation fields such as AI, data centers, and quantum information processing. The core of this technology lies in the precision with which light can be controlled. Specifically, the ability to freely adjust the spectrum (color or wavelength distribution) and phase response (timing or wave position) of optical signals is essential for implementing high-performance optical communication and computing. However, conventional methods have faced fundamental limitations. The integrated photonic resonator (optical resonator) focused on by the research team is a key optical device that traps light in a specific space to amplify it or select specific colors (wavelengths), similar to how the body of a musical instrument amplifies sound. However, existing single-bus resonators have had limitations in precisely adjusting the phase and spectrum of optical signals. To overcome these challenges, the research team introduced a "dual-bus" structure. This design allows light that has passed through the resonator to recombine with light that has not, enabling precise control over interference. This allows for the free design of optical signals into desired forms, making it possible to control various types of light signals that were previously difficult to implement. By applying this technology, the research team secured new characteristics for more precise control of wavelength properties and presented new possibilities for non-linear frequency conversion research (changing the color of light). Utilizing this technology enables faster and more accurate data processing, which is expected to provide the groundwork for performance enhancements in future high-speed data centers, AI accelerators, and quantum communication systems. This research is especially meaningful as it was led by an undergraduate student. Taewon Kim, an undergraduate student who conducted the study through the KAIST Undergraduate Research Program (URP), stated, "I was able to develop the resonator principles I learned in the Introduction to Integrated Optics class into actual device designs and a published paper."   < Research Image of the Dual-bus Resonator > Professor Sangsik Kim remarked, "This study goes beyond proposing a new device; it demonstrates that by precisely analyzing previously overlooked optical characteristics, physical limitations can be overcome. We expect this to contribute broadly to the development of optics-based AI accelerators and optical communication technologies." KAIST undergraduate student Taewon Kim participated as the lead author of this study, and the results were published on March 6th in the international optics journal, Laser & Photonics Reviews. Paper Title: Dual-bus resonator for multi-port spectral engineering DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202502935 Authors: Taewon Kim, Mehedi Hasan, Yu Sung Choi, Jae Woong Yoon, and Sangsik Kim This research was supported by the KAIST URP Program, the Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP), the U.S. Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD), and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF).  

AI Fixed ＇Temporal Errors＇... Enhancing Reliabilit..

  <Ph.D candidate Soyeon Kim, (From Left)Jindong Wang (Microsoft; currently at the College of William & Mary), Xing Xie (Microsoft), and Steven Euijong Whang (Professor at KAIST)>   What if ChatGPT answered with the name of a minister from a year ago when asked, "Who was the minister inaugurated last month?" This is a prime example of the limitations of AI that fails to properly reflect the latest information. Our university’s research team has developed a new evaluation technology that automatically reflects changing real-world information while catching "temporal errors" that may appear correct on the surface. This is expected to drastically improve AI reliability. KAIST announced on April14th that a research team led by Professor Steven Euijong Whang from the School of Electrical Engineering, in joint research with Microsoft Research, has developed a system that automatically evaluates and diagnoses the temporal reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) using temporal database technology. For AI to earn user trust, the ability to accurately understand real-world information that changes moment by moment is essential. However, existing evaluation methods only checked whether the answer matched or failed to sufficiently reflect complex temporal relationships, making it difficult to properly evaluate various question scenarios occurring in actual environments. To solve this, the research team introduced "Temporal Database" design theory—which has been verified over the past 40 years—into AI evaluation for the first time. By utilizing the temporal flow and relational structure of data, the core of this technology is the automatic generation of 13 types of complex time-based problems from the database itself, without the need for humans to manually write evaluation questions. <Schematic Diagram of the Evaluation Framework Proposed in This Study> In particular, this technology is evaluated as a major innovation because it shifts from the traditional method where humans manually created problems to a method where evaluation questions are automatically generated based on data. Furthermore, by automating the entire process from problem generation to answer derivation and verification based on the database, the burden of maintenance can be drastically reduced without the need to manually modify questions as was previously required. When real-world information changes, the evaluation questions, answers, and verification criteria are automatically updated simply by updating the corresponding content in the database. While the input of the latest information itself is handled by external data or administrators, this technology is structured to perform the overall evaluation automatically after such data is updated. Additionally, moving beyond the existing method of simply judging whether the final answer is correct or incorrect, the research team introduced a new metric that verifies the logical validity of dates or periods presented during the answering process. Through this, they achieved a performance improvement in detecting "Temporal Hallucination" phenomena—where an answer appears correct but has the wrong temporal basis—by an average of 21.7％ more accurately than before. Applying this technology can significantly reduce evaluation maintenance costs since only the database needs to be updated when information changes, and it showed an effect of reducing the amount of input data by an average of 51％ compared to previous methods. <Future AI Evaluation System (AI-Generated Image)> Professor Steven Euijong Whang stated, "This research is an example showing that classical database design theory can play a crucial role in solving the reliability issues of the latest AI. By converting vast amounts of professional data into evaluation resources, we expect this to become a practical foundation for verifying AI performance in various fields such as medicine and law in the future." Soyeon Kim, a PhD student at KAIST, participated as the lead author of this study, and Jindong Wang (Microsoft Research, currently at William & Mary) and Xing Xie (Microsoft Research) participated as co-authors. The research results will be presented this April at ICLR 2026, the most prestigious academic conference in the field of artificial intelligence. Paper Title: Harnessing Temporal Databases for Systematic Evaluation of Factual Time-Sensitive Question-Answering in Large Language Models Paper Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02045 Meanwhile, this research was conducted with support from Microsoft Research, the National Research Foundation of Korea, and the Institute for Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) Global AI Frontier Lab projects (RS-2024-00469482, RS-2024-00509258).      

KAIST Presents Roadmap for AFM Utilization in Next..

  <(From Left) Ph. D candidate Yeongyu Kim, Professor Seungbum Hong, Ph.D candidate Kunwoo Park>   For smartphones and computers to become smaller and faster, technologies capable of precisely controlling electrical properties at the nanoscale—beyond what is visible to the naked eye—are essential. In particular, ferroelectric materials, which can maintain their electrical state without external power, are gaining attention as key components for next-generation memory and sensor technologies. However, due to their extremely small size, there have been limitations in precisely observing the internal changes occurring within these materials. KAIST (President Kwang Hyung Lee) announced on the 4th of April that a research team led by Professor Seungbum Hong from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering has published a review paper systematically outlining research strategies for ferroelectric materials based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), addressing these limitations. The research team proposed new strategies for utilizing AFM to precisely control electrical properties at the nanoscale and presented a direction for next-generation materials research. Ferroelectric materials possess electric polarization similar to magnetism, and this property enables the realization of memory devices that retain information even without power, as well as highly sensitive sensors. As semiconductor devices continue to shrink, nanoscale physical phenomena increasingly determine overall device performance, making technologies capable of precisely analyzing and controlling these phenomena more important than ever. The team presented an integrated analytical framework that uses AFM to both observe and directly manipulate materials at the nanoscale. AFM is a device that scans surfaces using an extremely fine probe to obtain atomic-level information, effectively serving as both the “eye” and “hand” of the nanoscale world. Based on AFM, which measures physical and electrical properties at the atomic scale by scanning surfaces with a fine probe, the researchers established a system that integrates various techniques—including piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) for measuring electrical responses, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) for analyzing surface potential, and conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) for measuring current flow—into a unified framework. This allows for a three-dimensional understanding of material structures and charge distributions. This approach goes beyond simple observation and represents the evolution of AFM into a research platform capable of directly designing and manipulating data domains at the nanoscale by applying electrical stimuli through the probe. Furthermore, AFM can apply electrical stimulation or mechanical pressure directly to extremely small nanoscale regions, enabling changes and control of material properties. In other words, it has evolved from a tool that merely observes to one that enables design and experimentation at the nanoscale. In particular, this study demonstrates applications in evaluating and improving the performance of next-generation semiconductor materials such as two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides like molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) and ultrathin hafnium–zirconium oxide (HfZrO₂)-based materials. The research team also proposed future directions involving the integration of high-speed AFM with artificial intelligence (AI), enabling rapid interpretation of complex nanoscale structures that are difficult for humans to analyze manually, as well as more efficient design of advanced materials. < Research Image (AI-Generated Image) > Professor Seungbum Hong stated, “This review shows that atomic force microscopy has evolved beyond a simple observation tool into a key process technology for designing and precisely controlling advanced materials,” adding, “Analytical techniques combined with artificial intelligence will play a critical role in securing technological competitiveness in next-generation semiconductor and energy materials.” This review was led by Yeongyu Kim (Doctoral student) and Kunwoo Park (integrated MS–PhD program student), both from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at KAIST, as co-first authors. The research was recognized for its excellence and published as a front cover article in the international journal Journal of Materials Chemistry C, published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, on February 26. ※ Paper title: “Atomic Force Microscopy for Ferroelectric Materials Research” DOI: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2026/tc/d5tc03998c < Front Cover Selection Image for Journal of Materials Chemistry C (JMCC) > This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Research Foundation of Korea through the project on developing an AI platform for multi-scale data-integrated lithium secondary battery design, and has been recognized as establishing a new milestone in the field of nanomaterials.          

Era of Ultra-Slim, Wide Field-of-View and , High-R..

  <(From left) Young-Gil Cha, Hyun-Kyung Kim, Jae-Myeong Kwon, Professor Ki-Hun Jeong, (Top right) Professor Min H. Kim>     A breakthrough technology has emerged to fundamentally solve the "camera protrusion/thickness issue," which has been a persistent limitation as smart devices become thinner. KAIST research team has developed an ultra-thin camera that achieves a wide 140-degree field of view (FOV) without any lens protrusion. This technology is expected to be applied across various fields, including medical endoscopes, wearable devices, and micro-robots. On the 7th, a joint research team led by Professor Ki-Hun Jeong from the Department of Bio and Brain Engineering and Professor Min H. Kim from the School of Computing announced the development of a "wide-angle biomimetic camera." Inspired by insect vision, the camera is exceptionally thin yet boasts a vast field of view. The team successfully secured a diagonal FOV of 140 degrees—surpassing human peripheral vision—within an ultra-thin structure of less than 1 mm, roughly the thickness of a coin. High-performance wide-angle cameras typically require multiple stacked lenses, inevitably leading to increased thickness. To overcome this, the research team focused on the visual structure of the parasitic insect Xenos peckii. <Conceptual diagram of the camera structure mimicking insect compound eye principles and photos of the manufactured ultra-thin camera> While typical insect compound eyes offer a wide FOV, they suffer from low resolution. Conversely, single-lens cameras provide high resolution but limited FOV. Xenos peckii, however, possesses a unique visual system where multiple eyes capture partial segments of a scene, which the brain then integrates into a single high-resolution image. By introducing this "split-capture and integration" principle into the camera architecture, the team simultaneously achieved both thinness and high image quality. This overcomes the low-resolution issues of conventional compound eye cameras and the narrow FOV limits of single-lens systems. <Result of reconstructing a single scene by combining partial images captured via a microlens array> The team implemented a method where several micro-lenses with ellipsoidal shape capture different directions simultaneously, merging them into one sharp image without optical aberration. Notably, by precisely adjusting the lens shape and light entry points, they prevented blurring at the edges of the frame. As a result, uniform clarity is maintained from the center to the periphery, enabling stable imaging even at very close ranges. With a thickness of only 0.94 mm, this ultra-thin camera is expected to bring innovation to space-constrained fields. It can significantly enhance image acquisition efficiency for medical endoscopes requiring precise observation of narrow areas, as well as for micro-robots and wearable healthcare equipment. This technology shifts the design paradigm from increasing device size for better performance to enabling high-performance imaging in ultra-small form factors. <Results of photographing actual subjects at close range: microfluidic channels (20 mm distance), oral models (30 mm), and human faces (50 mm)> Furthermore, the research team has completed a technology transfer to MicroPix Co., Ltd., a specialist in optical imaging, with the goal of full-scale commercialization by next year. "Conventional wide-angle cameras faced a trade-off where reducing size lowered resolution, and increasing resolution enlarged the device," explained Professor Ki-Hun Jeong. "By applying visual principles from nature, we have secured both a wide FOV and stable image quality in an ultra-compact structure. This is a new image acquisition method usable even in extreme space-constrained environments." Jae-Myeong Kwon, Ph.D candidate at KAIST, participated as the lead author. The study was published on March 23 in the world-renowned academic journal Nature Communications. Paper Title: Biologically inspired microlens array camera for high-resolution wide field-of-view imaging DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70967-2 Authors: Jae-Myeong Kwon, Yejoon Kwon, Young-Gil Cha, Dong Hyun Han, Hyun-Kyung Kim, Je-Kyun Park, Min H. Kim & Ki-Hun Jeong This research was conducted with support from the Mid-Career Researcher Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (Ministry of Science and ICT), the Korean ARPA-H Project (Ministry of Health and Welfare), and the Materials and Components Technology Development Program (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy).      

KAIST Achieves 3-fold Increase in Hydrogen Product..

  <(From Left) Professor Kang Taek Lee, Ph.D candidate Seeun Oh, Researcher Incheol Jeong, Dr. Dongyeon Kim, Ph.D candidate Hyeonggeun Kim>   While mixing materials typically leads to instability, there exists a phenomenon known as “high entropy,” where increasing compositional complexity can actually enhance stability. KAIST researchers leveraged this principle to enable faster proton transport and more efficient reactions within electrochemical cells, developing a technology that significantly improves hydrogen production efficiency. This breakthrough is expected to reduce hydrogen costs and accelerate the transition to clean energy. KAIST (President Kwang Hyung Lee) announced on the 5th of April that a research team led by Professor Kang Taek Lee from the Department of Mechanical Engineering has developed a novel oxygen electrode material that dramatically improves reaction kinetics and power performance through entropy-maximized design. The oxygen electrode is a key component in electrochemical cells where oxygen evolution occurs during hydrogen production. Green hydrogen—produced from water without carbon emissions—is considered a cornerstone of future clean energy systems. In particular, protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs), which generate hydrogen by splitting water using electrical energy while protons migrate through the cell, have attracted attention for their high efficiency. However, their performance has been limited by slow reaction kinetics at the oxygen electrode. To address this issue, the research team adopted a high-entropy strategy, introducing multiple metal elements simultaneously to increase configurational disorder. Although mixing many elements typically destabilizes structures, under certain compositions, maximizing entropy can instead stabilize a single-phase structure. <Structural and chemical characterization of PBSCF and PLNNCBSCF. XRD patterns of a) the synthesized PBSCF and PLNNCBSCF and b) enlarged view of the XRD patterns from 31.5 to 33.5°. c) Rietveld refinement results of the XRD profile for PLNNCBSCF, with the inset showing the idealized structure. d) HR-TEM image of PLNNCBSCF with the inset showing lattice fringes. e) Corresponding EDS mappings of the PLNNCBSCF elements. XPS of F) survey peak, G) Pr 3d, and H) O 1s spectra for PBSCF and PLNNCBSCF> Based on this concept, the researchers designed a high-entropy double perovskite oxygen electrode by incorporating seven different metal elements (Pr, La, Na, Nd, Ca, Ba, Sr) into the A-site of the electrode structure. This material combines a perovskite crystal framework with a double perovskite structure, further enhanced by high-entropy design. The presence of multiple mixed metal elements improves charge transport and oxygen-related reactions within the electrode, resulting in significantly faster electrochemical reactions for both electricity generation and hydrogen production. Notably, density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the energy required to form oxygen vacancies—active sites where reactions occur—was reduced by more than 60％ compared to conventional materials. This indicates that reactive sites can form more easily and in greater abundance. Additionally, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis showed that proton transport speed increased by more than sevenfold, demonstrating that hydrogen generation processes proceed much more efficiently within the electrode. The performance improvements were substantial. Cells incorporating the new electrode achieved a power density of 1.77 W cm⁻² at 650°C, approximately 2.6 times higher than conventional systems. Hydrogen production performance also improved by approximately threefold (4.42 A cm⁻²) under the same conditions. Moreover, in long-term testing under steam conditions for 500 hours, performance degradation was only 0.76％, confirming excellent durability and stability over extended operation. Professor Kang Taek Lee stated, “This study demonstrates that the thermodynamic concept of entropy can be used to control electrode reactivity,” adding, “It has the potential to significantly enhance green hydrogen production efficiency and accelerate the commercialization of the hydrogen economy.” This study was co-led by Seeun Oh of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at KAIST and Incheol Jeong of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources. The findings were published on December 16, 2025, in the international journal Advanced Energy Materials (IF: 26.0) and were selected as a front cover article, highlighting their scientific impact. ※ Paper title: “Unveiling Entropy-Driven Performance Enhancement in Double Perovskite Oxygen Electrodes for Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells,” DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202503176 ※ Authors: Seeun Oh (KAIST, first author), Incheol Jeong (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, first author), Dongyeon Kim (second author), Hyeonggeun Kim (second author), Kang Taek Lee (corresponding author) This research was supported by the Mid-Career Researcher Program and the Global Basic Research Laboratory Program funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), Korea.    

Undergraduate Rover Team (MR2) Advances to Finals ..

  <Photo: KAIST Undergraduate Club MR2 Team Members>   Undergraduate students from KAIST are set to take on the world stage with an exploration rover—a robotic vehicle designed to explore in place of humans—that they built themselves. The team has secured a spot in the finals of the world’s largest Mars rover competition, marking a first-ever achievement for KAIST. KAIST announced on the 3rd that 'MR2' (Advised by Professor Yong-Hwa Park, Department of Mechanical Engineering), a rover team from the undergraduate robotics club MR (Microrobot Research), has earned a seed in the finals of the '2026 University Rover Challenge (URC)', the premier international Mars rover competition for university students. The URC is organized by The Mars Society and takes place at the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) in Utah, USA, an environment that closely mimics the Martian surface. Participating teams compete in four key missions using rovers they developed: ▲Science Mission, ▲Delivery Mission, ▲Equipment Servicing Mission, and ▲Autonomous Navigation Mission. This year’s competition saw 116 university teams from 18 countries engage in a fierce preliminary round. Team MR2 secured its place in the top 38 finalists by scoring 95.38 out of 100. This milestone is particularly significant as it is the first time a KAIST team has ever reached the URC finals, proving the excellence of KAIST undergraduates in robot design and control on a global scale. The next-generation exploration rover 'GAP-1000', independently developed by MR2, is a modular rover designed for stable operation in extreme environments. It features a 6-DOF (Degrees of Freedom) robotic arm capable of precisely controlling objects over 5kg, allowing it to perform complex equipment manipulation tasks. <Photo: Operation of GAP-1000's Manipulator and Science Module Integration> The rover also boasts strong autonomous driving capabilities. By combining RTK-GNSS (precision satellite positioning), IMU (Inertial Measurement Units) for motion sensing, and odometry based on wheel rotation, it can autonomously navigate optimal paths through complex terrain. Additionally, a drone relay system has been integrated to ensure stable exploration even in areas with communication dead zones. For the science mission, the rover can collect soil from 10cm underground, remove impurities via centrifugation, and analyze traces of life using protein detection reagents such as Biuret and Bradford. This is paired with spectroscopic analysis technology that identifies material composition by analyzing light wavelengths, creating an integrated system for real-time life detection. "We experienced a lot of trial and error while managing everything from design to production ourselves, but I am thrilled that we achieved KAIST’s first-ever advancement to the finals," said Myung-woo Jung (Department of Mechanical Engineering), the team leader of MR2. "We will prepare thoroughly in the remaining time to achieve a great result on-site." <Photo: Scenery of MDRS in Utah, USA, where the competition will be held (Photo Credit: The Mars Society)> Advising Professor Yong-Hwa Park noted, "It is impressive that the students independently implemented a rover for extreme environments. This competition will serve as an opportunity to showcase KAIST’s technological prowess to the world." KAIST President Kwang-Hyung Lee added, "It is a very meaningful achievement for our undergraduates to reach the finals of the world’s largest competition with a rover they designed and built themselves. I hope this experience serves as a catalyst for our students to challenge themselves and grow on the global stage." Team MR2 consists of 13 undergraduate students from various majors, including Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Industrial Design. Having completed long-distance operation tests in outdoor environments, they are currently conducting final checks for the finals. The main competition will be held from May 27th to 30th at the MDRS in Utah, USA. ※ Related Links MR2 Official Website: https://urc-kaist.github.io/ MR2 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/urc_mr2/ MR2 YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/＠MR2KAISTRoverTeam      

KAIST, Developing National Positioning Infrastruct..

  <(From Left) Prof. Dong-Soo Han, Dr. Kyuho Son, Dr. Byeongcheol Moon, Dr. Sumin Ahn, Ph.D candidate Seungwoo Chae>   A Korean research team has developed a technology that enables precise indoor positioning using only a smartphone. Developed over eight years by KAIST researchers, this technology is expected to help secure critical time in missing-person searches and is being recognized as a “location sovereignty” solution that could reshape the current location service ecosystem dominated by global big tech companies such as Google and Apple. KAIST (President Kwang Hyung Lee) announced on the 2nd pf April that a research team led by Professor Dongsoo Han of the School of Computing has developed a core technology that can build a nationwide high-precision positioning infrastructure in a short time and at low cost by combining smartphone Wi-Fi signals with real-world address data. This achievement is the result of eight years of research, during which the team filed around ten patents to enhance the technology’s completeness. The key feature of this technology is its use of Wi-Fi signals collected by smartphones in everyday life. It can provide precise location information anywhere in the country without requiring large-scale equipment or additional infrastructure. It also maintains high accuracy in environments where GPS is weak, such as indoors, underground, or in dense high-rise areas. In particular, this research is seen as a challenge to the location service ecosystem currently led by global platform companies. Today, most location data worldwide is accumulated and managed by a small number of big tech firms, and Korea also relies heavily on these platforms. Most importantly, this research establishes a foundation for independently building and managing location data generated domestically. Amid ongoing debates over exporting high-resolution national maps (1:5,000 scale spatial data detailing buildings and roads), the importance of data sovereignty is growing. This technology is drawing attention as an alternative that could reduce dependence on global big tech and realize “location sovereignty.” The research team proposed a method that automatically combines Wi-Fi signals collected during smartphone app usage with the actual address of the location. This allows the construction of a unique “signal pattern map” (signal fingerprint) for each place, with accuracy improving as more data accumulates. In a real-world demonstration in Daejeon, using a gas meter reading app, an average of about 30 Wi-Fi signals were detected per household in apartment complexes. This confirmed that city-scale location data can be rapidly built using this approach. <Status of Radio Map Construction in Daejeon Using a Gas Meter Reader App> <Address-Based Automation of Wireless Signal Collection and AI-Based Location Labeling Techniques for Collected Wireless Signals> This technology is expected to significantly reduce location errors—previously up to hundreds of meters—in emergency situations such as missing-person searches, helping secure critical response time. It can also be applied to “location-based authentication,” allowing payments only at specific locations, thereby helping prevent financial crimes such as identity theft or unauthorized remote transactions. Furthermore, precise location data is a key infrastructure for future AI industries, including autonomous driving, robotics, and logistics. This achievement is expected to enhance competitiveness across these sectors. <Research Use Image (AI-Generated Image)> Professor Dongsoo Han stated, “Positioning infrastructure is not just a convenience technology but a core asset directly linked to national data sovereignty,” adding, “It is time for the government, telecom companies, and platform providers to collaborate in building an independent national positioning infrastructure.” This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT, the National Research Foundation of Korea, the National Fire Agency, and the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) (Grant No. RS-2025-02313957).  

Excellence Award at the 4th Wonik Next-Generation ..

  < 4th Wonik Next-Generation Engineering Award hosted by the National Academy of Engineering of Korea (NAEK)>       At the 4th Wonik Next-Generation Engineering Award hosted by the National Academy of Engineering of Korea (NAEK), KAIST Ph.D candidate Yehhyun Jo from the Department of Electrical Engineering(Advisor: Professor Hyunjoo J. Lee) and Ph.D candidate Seokjoo Cho from the Department of Mechanical Engineering(Advisor: Prof. Inkyu Park) received Excellence Awards.   Yehhyun Jo was selected in recognition of the development of a system that enables the precise modulation and observation of brain functions by integrating ultrasound neuromodulation technology, MEMS, and biosignal measurement technology. As a leading researcher in ultrasound brain stimulation in Korea, Yehhyun has contributed to the advancement of next-generation neuroengineering research by publishing six SCI(E)-indexed first-author papers. In acceptance speech, Yehhyun Jo remakred, “It is a great honor to receive the Excellence Award at the Wonik Next-Generation Engineering Award hosted by the National Academy of Engineering of Korea. I believe this award represents not only my personal achievements, but also the collective efforts of my advisor, fellow researchers, and my parents and brother, who have supported my research behind the scenes. Going forward, I will continue to develop and validate technologies grounded firmly in fundamental principles so that engineering innovation can reach real clinical and industrial settings, and I will strive to become a great researcher who contributes to society through responsible research.” <(From Left) Ph.D candidate Yehhyun Jo, Ph.D candidate Seokjoo Cho>   Seokjoo Cho was selected for developing a wireless multi-modal sensing system based on nano- and micro-fabrication processes for the management of chronic wounds and metabolic diseases. Through this related work, Seokjoo has published 25 SCI(E)-indexed papers and is leading technological innovation in next-generation healthcare sensor platforms. He accepted the award, saying, “I am sincerely grateful to receive the great honor of the Wonik Next-Generation Engineering Award. Winning an award that I have long dreamed of as a researcher during my graduate studies brings me both deep fulfillment and a strong sense of responsibility. Taking this award as an opportunity, I will continue striving to grow as a researcher who does not lose sight of my original motivation and who can create meaningful value for society.”   The Wonik Next-Generation Engineering Award is presented to undergraduate and graduate students in engineering-related fields in Korea to recognize creative and ambitious future engineers in the materials, components, and equipment sectors and support their growth into engineers who contribute to solving social problems.   The award ceremony was held on the afternoon of March 10 at the Grand Walkerhill Seoul Hotel in Gwangjin-gu, Seoul.        

AI Blueprints Stolen with a Single Antenna... Coun..

  < Professor Jun Han >   From smartphone facial recognition to autonomous vehicles, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has long been protected as a "black box." However, a joint research team from KAIST and international institutions has uncovered a new security threat capable of "peeking" at AI blueprints from behind walls. The team also presented corresponding defense technologies. This discovery is expected to be utilized in strengthening AI security across various sectors, including autonomous driving, healthcare, and finance. On the 31st, Professor Jun Han’s research team from the KAIST School of Computing announced that they, in collaboration with the National University of Singapore (NUS) and Zhejiang University, developed "ModelSpy"—an attack system capable of hijacking AI model structures from a distance using only a small antenna. This technology works much like a bugging device, capturing and analyzing minute signals emitted while an AI is operational to reconstruct its internal structure. The research team focused on the electromagnetic (EM) waves generated by Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), which handle AI computations. When an AI performs complex calculations, the GPU emits subtle electromagnetic signals. By analyzing the patterns of these signals, the team successfully restored the layer configurations and detailed parameter settings of the AI model. Experimental results showed that the structure of AI models could be identified with high accuracy from up to 6 meters away or through walls, across five types of the latest GPUs. Notably, the team estimated the core structure—the layers of the deep learning model—with an accuracy of up to 97.6％. < AI model structures can be stolen through walls using an antenna hidden in a bag > This technology is considered a significant security threat because, unlike traditional hacking, it does not require direct server infiltration or malware installation. An attack can be carried out using only a portable antenna small enough to fit in a bag. Recognizing that this technology could lead to the leakage of a company's core AI assets, the research team also proposed defensive measures, such as electromagnetic interference and computational obfuscation. This is being hailed as a responsible security study that goes beyond demonstrating an attack to suggesting realistic protection methods. "This research demonstrates that AI systems can be exposed to new types of attacks even in physical environments," said Professor Jun Han. "To protect critical AI infrastructure, such as autonomous driving and national facilities, it is essential to establish 'cyber-physical security' systems that encompass both hardware and software." < Research Image (AI-generated) > Professor Jun Han of the KAIST School of Computing participated as a co-corresponding author. The study was presented at the NDSS (Network and Distributed System Security Symposium) 2026, a top-tier academic conference in computer security, where it received the Distinguished Paper Award in recognition of its innovation. Paper Title: Peering Inside the Black-Box: Long-Range and Scalable Model Architecture Snooping via GPU Electromagnetic Side-Chan Paper Link: https://www.ndss-symposium.org/ndss-paper/peering-inside-the-black-box-long-range-and-scalable-model-architecture-snooping-via-gpu-electromagnetic-side-channel/